बिहार बोर्ड Class 11th English chapter - 01
Animals in Prison
(जेल में जानवर)
written by- Jawaharlal Nehru
इसमें हम आपको Animals in Prison चैप्टर का पूरा word meaning बताएंगे और उसके बाद सभी Question Answer भी इसी पोस्ट में Clear करने वाले हैं
This Post include
- 11th Class English Chapter -1 Animals in Prison Question Answer and word Meaning
Jawaharlal Nehru
(14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat,[2] and author who was a central figure in India during the middle third of the 20th century.
Nehru was a principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s. Upon India's independence in 1947, he became the first prime minister of India, serving for 16 years.
Nehru promoted parliamentary democracy, secularism, and science and technology during the 1950s, powerfully influencing India's arc as a modern nation. In international affairs, he steered India clear of the two blocs of the Cold War.
A well-regarded author, his books written in prison, such as Letters from a Father to His Daughter (1929), Glimpses of World History (1934), An Autobiography (1936), and The Discovery of India (1946), have been read around the world. The honorific Pandit has been commonly applied before his name.
Word Meaning
Popular - लोकप्रिय
Rare- दुर्लभ
Sensitivity- सूक्ष्म ग्राहकता
Deeply- अत्याधिक
Influenced- प्रभावित
Politics - राजनीति
Emerged- उभड़ कर आना
Youth- युवा
Dreamer - स्वप्न देखने वाला
Idealist - आदर्शवादी
Humanist - मानवतापूर्ण
Artist - लेखक /कलाकार
Remarkable- ध्यान देने योग्य
Vigour- प्रभाव , शक्ति
Beauty- सुंदरता
Prison- जेल कैदखाना
Observed- देखा
Nature- प्रकृति
Powerful - शक्तिशाली
Poetic - काव्यात्मक
Style- शैली
Elegant- सुंदर
Captured - पकड़ा
Autobiography - आत्मकथा
Derives - उत्पन्न करना
Pleasure - खुशी
Watching- गौर करना
Respect - आदर भावना /सम्मान
Tiniest- सबसे छोटा
Gaol- कैद खाना
Almost- करीब करीब /लगभग
Familiar- परिचित
Bit - अंश, टुकड़ा , दांत से काटना
Mark- चिन्ह
Dent- चिन्ह
Uneven - असमान
Floor - भूतल
Ceiling - घर की भीतरी छत
Moth-eaten -दीमक ग्रस्त
Rafters - बल्ला ,जिस पर छत ठीका रहता है
Yard- खाली स्थान
Greeted - अभिवादन किया
Tufts - गुच्छा
Odd - अजीब , अद्भुत
Several - कई
Colonies - बस्तियां
Wasps and Hornets - पीले जंतुओं जो डंक मारते हैं / जिसे आम भाषा में बिरनी कहते हैं
Lizards - छिपकली
Emerging - बाहर निकलना
Prey - शिकार
Emotions - मान या भावना का आवेग
Traces - चिन्ह
Physical - प्राकृतिक
Surrounding - परिवेश
Cling -चिपकना
Object - वस्तु
Space - स्थान या जगह
Privilege - सुविधा
Precious - बेशकीमती
Proper - मूल
Lock-up - हवालात
Compound - अहाता या घेरा
Remained - रहे
View- दृश्य
Special - विशेष
Enclosing - बंद किए
Convicts - कैदी या कानून तोड़ने वाला
Confined - बंद रहना
Appreciate - मूल्यांकन करना
Extraordinary - असाधारण
Psychological - मानसिक
Value - महत्व
Outings - बाहर निकलना
Torrents - पानी का तेज बहाव
Ankle-deep - टखने तक पानी
Welcomed - स्वागत किया
Towering - बहुत ऊंचा
Removing - हटाना
Weariness - थकावट
Fortune - भाग्य
Interview - किसी से भेंट , साक्षात्कार
Quite - बिल्कुल
Gaze - टकटकी लगाकर देखना
Conscious - सचेत
Secret - गुप्त
Intimacy - घनिष्ठता
Flocks - झुंड
Solitary - एकमात्र
Drift - बहाव, मोड़ ,झुकाव
Afraid- भयभीत
Weary - थका हुआ
Experience - अनुभव
Comfort- सांत्वना ,आराम
Proximity - नजदीक
Solidity- दृढ़ता, ठोसपन
Calm - शांति, स्थिरता
Wisdom - बुद्धि
Mocked - हंसी उड़ाना
Moods - मिजाज
Soothed - शांत करना
Fevered - उत्तेजित
Denuded - धारीदार
Naked - नंगा
Bare - नंगा
Magnificent - शोभायमान
Cheerless- अप्रसन्न
Message - संदेश
Innermost - सबसे भीतर
Cells - छोटा कमरा
Stir- कंपन ,गति
Mystery - रहस्य
Startled- हक्का बक्का रह जाना
Peep - झांकना
Gay- प्रफुल्ल
Glisten - चमकना
Breeze- हल्की हवा
Bud- कली
Russet - चॉकलेट ,कॉफी
Tints- रंग
Favoured- पसंदीदा
Haunts - लगातार आवागमन का स्थान
Cooped up- छोटी जगह में बैठना
Avoid - दूर रहना, बचना
Dripping - बूंद बूंद का चूना
Except - छोड़कर
Piercing - भेदती
Longed - चाहा
Decent- शिष्ट
Habitation - निवास
Warmth - गर्मी
Comfort - आराम
Occasionally - कभी-कभी
Hailstorm - आंधी के साथ ओला
Hailstone - ओला
Marble - संगमरमर
Corrugated - झुर्रीदार, धारीनुमा
Tremendous - प्रचंड
Artillery - बड़ा बंदूक
Bombardment - बम के द्वारा उड़ाने की क्रिया
Particularly- विशिष्ट /खास रूप से
Storm- प्रचंड तूफान
Bitterly - तीखा
Miserable- दयनीय, दुखद
Departed - दूर होना ,छोड़ना
Mantle- ढकना
Lovely - प्यारा
Prevented- रोकना
Indulging - सम्मिलित होना
Observant- गौर करने वाले
Realized - आभास हुआ
Complained - शिकायत करना
Loneliness - अकेलापन
Deserted - एकांत स्थान
Teeming - खाली करना
Creeping - हाथ और घुटनों के बल चलना
Crawling - रेंगना
Insects - छोटे कीड़े
Interfering - बीच में प्रवेश
Continuous - लगातार
Bugs - खटमल , उड़ीस
Extent- सीमा
Tolerated -सहन करना
Tiff - छोटी लड़ाई
Inadvertently - दुर्घटनावस
Stung - डंक मारना
Exterminate - नष्ट करना, विलुप्त करना
Defence - सुरक्षा
Temporary - अस्थाई
Contained - मैं होना
Desisted - रोकना , छोड़ना
Endure - दृढ़ रहना
Soundlessly - बे आवाज
Dusk - गोधूलि
Darkening - अंधेरा छाता हुआ
Eerie - डरावना
Horror - भयानक डर
Crept - रेंगा
Stalked - डंठलदार
Chased - अनुसरण किया, पीछा किया
Wagging - हिलाना
Comic - हास्यास्पद
Fashion - फैशन
Ordinarily - सामान्यता
Avoided - क्या किया
Stalk - छुपकर शिकार करना
Enormous - बहुत बड़ा
Seize- पकड़ना
Avoidance - त्याग
Sting - डंक
Intentional - इरादापूर्ण , जानबूझकर
Accidental - आकस्मिक
Squirrel - गिलहरी
Venturesome - साहसी
Realize - पूरी तरह आभास होना
Disable - असमर्थ करना
Scamper - भागना
Ingeniously - चालाकी से
Efficient - योग्य
Feeding - खिलाना
Abounded - प्रचार रूप से उपलब्ध करना
Nested - घोंसला बनाकर रहना
Tame - पालतू
Delay- विलम्ब
Amusing- मन बहलाने वाली
Impatient - उतावला
Crevices - दरारों
Courtship - एक दूसरे को जानने के लिए लगाया गया समय
Fascinating - आकर्षक
Fierce - भयंकर , धमासान
Encounter मुठभेड़ ,टक्कर ,लड़ाई
Variety - प्रकार, विविधता, किस्म भेद
Regular - नियम से समय अनुसार
Jumble- मिलाजला
Plaintive- शोकाकुल ,शोकपूर्ण
Realized - अनुभव किया
Amazing- आश्चर्यकारी
Persistence - निश्चय
Pouring - बरसते हुए
Eagles - गरुड़
Kites - चील
Gliding - संसरना
Gracefully - सुंदरता से
Swooping - झूलकर उतरना
A horde of - बहुत
Antics - दूसरों को हंसाने वाली हरकत
Impressed - छापना , मुहर लगाना
Enclosure - घेरा ,सीमा
Warder - वार्ड की देखरेख करने वाला
Overseers- निरीक्षण करने वाला
Tied - बांधना
String - धागा
Presumably - प्रकट रूप से
Anger - क्रोध
Reckless - विचारहीन
Triumphed - विजय प्राप्त करना
Rescued- खतरे से बचाना
Scorpions - बिच्छू
Frequently - अक्सर
Lined - उठाया हुआ
Brute - एक अप्रिय कीरा
Vanished - लुप्त हो गया ,ओझल हो गया
Diversion - बदलाव
Monotony - नीरसता ,समान ध्वनि
Repulsion - विकर्षण
Centipedes - अनेक पैरों वाले लंबे जीव
Horrify - डराना ,भयभीत करना
Instinctively- अपने आप
Vaulted - उछलना
Pavlov's reflexes - पावलव का दृष्टिकोण कुत्तों की शारीरिक प्रतिक्रिया के संबंध में
Gaoler - कारागार का अध्यक्ष (जेलर)
Strange- अनोखा, विचित्र, अपरिचित
Crocodile - घड़ियाल
Claws - चंगूलो
Scaly-covering - कलौंची आवरण ,जो ढक देती है
Twisted - ऐंठा हुआ
Peculiar - विशिष्ट ,खास
Merrily - प्रसन्नता पूर्वक
Subsequently। - बाद में
Emotional - भावना संबंधी
Starvation - कठिनाई, भूख
Deserted - निर्जन ,सुनसान ,बंजर
Culvert - पुलिया
Starving - भूख से मरना , कमजोर करना
Litter - गंदगी के कारण अव्यवस्था
Distemper - कुत्तों की एक बीमारी
Properly - ठीक प्रकार से, उचित प्रकार से
Philosophy - दर्शनशास्त्र ,तत्वज्ञान
Treated - व्यवहार किए
Symbols - निशान ,प्रतीक ,चिन्ह
Ambition- प्रबल इच्छा
Patron animals - जो जंतु देश के प्रतिक के रूप में माने जाते हैं
Mould - सांचे में ढालना
Aggressive - हिंसक
Consciously - ज्ञानपूर्वक
Strike up - लिया जाना
Attitudes - विचारों भावों
IDIOMS AND PHRASES
1.Familiar with (फेमिलियर विथ) परिचित होना।
eg - I was familiar with everyone of them.
2.In search of (इन सर्च ऑफ) = खोज मे ।
The lizards came out in search of prey.
3. To walk about (टू वॉक अबॉउट) घूमना-फिरना।
There was no room to walk about in the cell.
4. In front of (इन फ्रंट ऑफ) के सामने |
There is a pole in front of my house.
5. A view of (अ व्यू ऑफ) = दृश्य ।
gave us a view of the mountains.
6.Give up (गीव अप) छोड़ देना । -
Give up this bad habit.
7.As a rule (ऐज़ अ रूल) नियमानुसार ।
As a rule he found great peace in its nearness.
8.Look down upon (लुक्स डाउन ॲपान) घृणा करना ।
The rich looks down upon the poor.
9.Mock at (मॉक एट) = का उपहास करना ।
The old man mocked at my ignorance.
10. Warm up (वार्म अप) = गरमाहट ।
The sun rose and the air warmed them up again.
11. Play about (प्ले अबॉउट) = ahsT करना (धोखा देना) ।
Suddenly the leaves appeared in the sunlight and played about in the freeze.
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
A. Work in small groups and discuss these questions :
Q. 1. Make a list of the birds whose songs are sweet. Do you hear them often? When and where do you hear them?
Ans. Koels, Robins, Parrots, Mynas, Bulbuls, Barbets, Plovers. We often hear them. Koels are foreign birds. They come to India in Spring. We can hear them in the month of March, April, May and June. Robins are English birds. They are not seen in India. Parrots and Mynas are always seen everywhere in India. Bulbuls are usually seen in Summer. Barbets and Plovers are foreign birds. They are usually seen in cold places.
Q. 2. What is the relation between birds and trees? Can you imagine birds without trees ?
Ans. Birds build their nests in trees. They lay eggs in their nests. They feed on trees. We cannot imagine birds without trees.
Q. 3. Do you love animals? How do you show your love to them?
Ans. Yes, we love animals. We keep parrots, dogs, goats, mynas and cats as pets.
B. 1.1 Read the following sentences and write 'T' for true and
'F' for false statement:
(i) Nehru disliked his little cell.
(ii) Nehru lived with other prisoners in his cell.
(iii) Nehru was allowed to go out and walk up and down in front of the gate.
(iv) Nehru was imprisoned in the European Lock-up.
(v) Nehru loved the sight of the Himalayas.
(vi) Spring in Dehra Dun is longer than that in the plains.
(vii) The change from bud to leaf is sudden.
Ans. (i) F, (ii) F, (iii) T, (iv) F, (v) T, (vi) T, (vii) T.
B. 1.2. Answer the following questions briefly :
Q. 1. How long did Nehru live in his little cell in DehraDun jail?
Ans. Nehruji lived in the little cell in Dehradun for fourte and a half months.
Q. 2. Whom did Nehru treat as his old friends? Can you make friends with them?
Ans. Nehru treated little tufts of grass and odd bits of stor as his old friends. Yes, we also can make friends with them.
Q. 3. Who were the other occupants of the little cell? D Nehru like them?
Ans. The other occupants of the fittle cells were wasps a hornets. Nehru did not like them.
Q. 4. ... but in Dehra Dun I had one privilege.' What the privilege Nehru is referring to ? Was it Nehru's speci privilege?
Ans. The prison was very small so the cells were out of j but within the compound. The cells were also very small so th were allowed in the morning and in the evening to go out and walk up and down in front of the gate a distance of about 100 yards distance privilege was not only for Nehru but for all the prisoners.
Q. 5. What was European Lock-up meant for ? How was it different from the other jail?
Ans. European lock-up was a kind of cell where European Convicts were kept. The prisoners of European lock-up were allowed to go to walk in the morning and in the evening even out of the jail compound.
Q. 6. 'Only a prisoner who has been confined for long behind high walls can appreciate the extraordinary psychological value of these outside walks and open views,' What does Nehru mean by this? Explain.
Ans. Nehru means to say that the convicts of life time imprisonment appreciated such outside walks and open views.
Q. 7. How did the sight of the towering Himalayas move his heart? What lesson did he derive from the mountains ?
Ans. The sight of the towering Himalayas provided pleasure to Nehru. He felt as if its solidity and calm looked down upon him with the wisdom of a million years and mocked at his varying moods and soothed his fevered mind. The lesson which the derived from the mountain was to be grave and high like the mountain.
Q. 8. Which sight does Nehru call 'gay' and 'cheering'? How does he describe it?
Ans. The green sight of peepals and other trees and even of little herbs and shrubs provided him gay and cheering sight.
B. 2.1 Complete the following sentences on the basis of the lesson ?
(i) The monsoon rains were always welcome, because.....
(ii) One longed for decent habitation because of.........
(iii) The prisoners became more observant of nature ways because.......
(iv) Nehru wanted to exterminate wasps because.......
Ans. (i) they ended the summer heat
(ii) a hailstorm.
(iii) they watched the various animals and insects tha came their way.
(iv) they had stung him.
B. 2.2 Answer the following questions briefly : Q. 1. What is the colour of fresh mango leaves? When do they become green ?
Ans. The colour of fresh mango leaves are reddish-brow and russet-colour. They change their colour soon and become green.
Q. 2. What made Nehru cooped up?
Ans. Dripping water from the ceiling or rushing in from th windows during monsoon made Nehru cooped up in a litt narrow place.
Q. 3. What made noise like an artillery bombardment
Ans. Hailstones which were bigger than marbles rollee down on the iron roofs and made noise like an artiller bombardment.
Q. 4. Why does Nehru remember 24th of December 1932 ? How does it throw light on Nehru's love for Nature ?
Ans. Nehru remembers 24th of December 1932 because there was a thunderstorm and rain all day and it was bitterly cold so he could not go out. But all of a sudden in the evening it cleared up. He got a chance to enjoy the pleasant sight of neighbouring mountains.
Q. 5. 'I realized that while I complained of loneliness, that yard, which seemed empty and deserted, was teeming with life'. Which life is being referred to here?
Ans. The life referred to here is the creeping or crawling of flying insects which lived there without interfering with him in any way.
Q. 6. How was the problem of feeding the lost baby squirrels solved? What was ingenious about it?
Ans. The problem was ingeniously solved by making a efeeding bottle with a fountain-pen filler, with a little cotton wool attached to it.
Q. 7. What behaviour of the parrots does Nehru describe here ? Does it have any resemblance to human dbehaviour?
Ans. Here Nehru describes the parrot's courtship and love- making which are very fascinating. Sometimes two male parrots began to fight for a lady parrot who sat calmly by waiting for the result of the encounter and ready to grant her favour to the winner. It has much resemblance to human behaviour.
B. 3.1 Complete the following sentences on the basis of the lesson :
(i) Nehru could not see most of the birds, he could only hear them, because ......….
(ii) In Alipore jail Nehru woke in the middle of night because.......
(iii) Long-term convicts often keep animal pets because.......
(iv) The bitch used to come to Nehru for food because..........
(v) The puppy survived because..........
(vi) Nehru could not look after his pet dogs properly because......
Ans. (i) there were no trees in his little yard in the jail.
(ii) he felt something crawling over his feet.
(iii) they often seek some emotional satisfaction b keeping them.
(iv) he began to feed her regularly.
(v) Nehru nursed her with care, even got up a doze times during the night to look after her.
(vi) other matters claimed his attention.
B.3.2. Answer the following questions briefly :
Q. 1. 'Dehra Dun had a variety of birds.' Make a list of the birds that make this variety.
Ans. The names of birds which are seen in Dehra Dun are follows:
1. Koels, 2. Brain-fever bird, 3. Eagles, 4. Kit 5. Ducks.
Q. 2. Why was 'Bird-Fever' named so ?
Ans. 'Bird-Fever' was named so because it always repeats the same notes all the time day and night.
Q. 3. How was the little monkey rescued ?
Ans. The little monkey was surrounded by the convict overseers and other convicts of the jail. The warden had also a stick in his hand. The parent monkeys were watching from the top of the high wall. Suddenly one of them jumped down and charged over the convicts who surrounded the baby monkey. They all fled. The warders also left their sticks and fled away. Thus the baby monkey was rescued.
Q. 4. 'We often had animal visitors that were not welcome.' Name the animals Nehru is referring to.
Ans. Nehru refers to animals like scorpions, snakes and centipedes.
Q. 5. 'As a matter of fact I welcomed the diversion.' Which 'diversion' is Nehru talking about?
Ans. Nehru is talking about snakes which broke the monotonous life of the prisoners. Nehru appreciated this diversion.
Q. 6. What made Nehru vault clear out of the bed ?
Ans. A centipede which was crawling over him made Nehru vault.
Q. 7. How did Nehru get tied to some dogs?
Ans. Nehru got tied to some dogs because he got a chance to look after a bitch together with the puppies in Dehra Dun jail. He got the chance because a jail official brought a bitch and then he was transferred. The bitch had become a wanderer.
Q. 8. What did Nehru do when the puppy fell ill? Do you have a similar experience of your own?
Ans. Nehru looked after the ill puppy day and night. A times he had to a rise during the night also to look after it. I do not have any experience of my own.
C. 1. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS :
Q. 1. Pick out instances that show Nehru's love for small animals.
Ans. (i) "We watched also the various animals and insects that came our way. As I grew more observant I noticed all manners of insects living in my cell or in the little yard outside I realized that while I complained of loneliness, that yard, which seemed empty and deserted was teeming with life."
(ii) "I used to watch the ants and the termites and other insects by the hour. And the lizards as they crept about in the evening and stalked their prey and chased each other wagging their tails in a most comic fashion."
(iii) "I used to sit reading almost without moving for considerable periods, and a squirrel would climb up my leg and sit on my knee and have a look round. And then it would look into my eyes and realize that I was not a tree or whatever it had taken me for."
(iv) "..... I used to watch the eagles and the kites gliding gracefully high up in the air sometimes swooping down and the allowing themselves to be carried up by a current of air. Often herd of wild ducks would fly over our heads."
(v) "One incident impressed me. A baby monkey managed to Come down into our barrack enclosure and he could not mount up the wall again. The warder and some convict overseers and other prisoners caught hold of him and tied a bit of string round his neck. The parents (presumably) of the little one saw all this from the top of the high wall and their anger grew. Suddenly one of them, a huge monkey, jumped down and charged almost right into the crowd which surrounded the baby monkey. It was an extraordinary brave thing to do for the warders had sticks and lathis and they were waving them about and there was quite a crowd of them. Reckless courage triumphed and the crowd of humans fled terrified leaving their sticks behind them! The little monkey was rescued."
(vi) "A little kitten made friends with me once. It belonged to a gaol official and when he was transferred he took it away with him. I missed it. Although dogs are not allowed I got tied up with some dogs accidentally in Dehradun. A gaol official had brought a bitch and then he was transferred and he deserted her. The poor thing became a homeless wanderer living under culverts, picking up scraps from the warders usually starving. As I was being kept in the lock-up outside the gaol proper she used to come to me begging for food. I began to feed her regularly and she gave birth to a litter of pups under a culvert. Many of these were taken away but three remained and I fed them. One of the puppies fell ill with a violent distemper and gave me a great deal of trouble. I nursed her with care and sometimes I would get up a dozen times in the course of the night to look after her. She survived and I was happy that my nursing had pulled her round."
These are some instances that show Nehru's love for small animals.
Q. 2. How did the parent monkey rescue its baby? Why does Nehru call its courage 'reckless' ?
Ans. Once a baby monkey managed to come down into the barrack enclosure. But he could not mount up the wall again. The prisoners, convict overseers and the warders with sticks and lathis surrounded the baby monkey. The parent monkeys were watching all these things from the top of the high wall and their anger grew. Suddenly one of them who was very huge jumped down and charged on the crowd. All the prisoners fled away. Even the warders first waved their sticks but finally they also fled away leaving their sticks and lathis. Thus the baby monkey was rescued.
Nehru calls his courage reckless because he jumped down to rescue his baby without thinking about the consequences.
Q. 3. Does the parent monkey's behaviour in saving its baby tell anything about the human nature?
Ans. The parent monkey's behaviour is quite similar to the human nature especially in case of their children. If the human children are in danger their parents also do the same as the parent monkey did to save the life of his baby.
Q. 4. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of c the monsoon? How did it affect Nehru's life in jail?
Ans. Monsoon breaks after a long scorching and troublesome heat of the summer. People feel relieved and happy Monsoon rain soothes the body and soul of the people. It is welcomed by all. The cultivators and farmers heave a sigh of relief as this season is very favourable for them for cultivating their land to grow crops. Trees, plants, bushes and creepers become green and bear a nice look. The trees that dry up in the summer and the autumn begin to give new leaves. This season is welcomed by all living beings, men, birds and beasts alike. The land becomes fertile. It is saturated with water which provides us water for our essential need and life in all seasons.
On the contrary there are a number of disadvantages of this season. When there is excess rain it brings flood which destroys the crops. Its effect may be disastrous. Many people of flood- affected areas lose their animals (cattle, goats etc.) and children. They become homeless. The communication media also become disrupted. The day-to-day life becomes disrupted.
Nehru is also affected with this damaging tendency of the monsoon in Dehradun jail. The ceiling of his cell was licking. There was knee-deep water in the jail yard. Animals like scorpion, climbed over his bed. Usually Nehru went to walk in the jail, morning and evening. But one day the rain continued. It was very boring for him. But in the evening the rain stopped. He loved the sight of the nature, the mountains, the road and the lawn. So as soon as the rain stopped he went out even in the knee- f deep water to enjoy the natural sight. Thus Nehru was affected by rain in Dehradun Jail.
Q. 5. Why does Nehru say that worship and kindness do not always go together? How does he show it?
Ans. According to Nehru worship means to love and pay respect to someone or something. Love, dedication and willingness are symbols of worship. People worship the object which they consider to be more powerful and honourable than the person who worships.
Kindness is totally different. The person or thing that is shown kindness are considered to be weak and miserable than one who shows kindness. Kindness involves dedication too. Nehru was kind towards all those animals which broke his monotony. He worshipped nature.
Q. 6. What does Nehru say about people and their patron animals?
Ans. According to Nehru, different countries have adopted different animals as symbols of their ambition or character,. The United States of America and Germany have adopted the eagles as the symbol of their countries. The lions and bull dogs are of England, the fighting cock is of France. The bear is of old Russia. These patron animals mould national character. Most of them are aggressive, fighting animals, beasts of prey. It is not surprising that the people who grow up with these animals before them should mould themselves consciously after them and strike up aggressive attitudes and roar and prey on others. Nor is it surprising that the Hindu should be mild and non-violent for his patron animal, the cow.
Nehru studied deeply about the behaviour and nature of animals. He minutely observed the character of the animals and nature. He also studied the behaviour of the people of the countries and compared it to that of the patron animals of the respective countries.
Q. 7. 'We could not see most of these birds; we could only hear them as a rule, as there were no trees in our little yards.' What light does it throw on the relation between the birds and plants ?
Ans. Nehru wants to point out the close relationship between birds and trees. He could hear the chirp of birds in the jail of Dehradun but he could not see them as there were no trees in the yard. He used to watch the flying eagles and kites gliding gracefully high up in the air. Sometimes they were swooping down and then carried up themselves by a current of air. A herd of wild duck used to fly frequently over his head. There was a variety of birds in Dehradun Nehru could only hear their singing, chattering and twittering. He could hear the koel's plaintive note. During the monsoon the brain-fever bird used to visit the jail. But he could not see most of the birds because there was no tree in the yard of the jail.
Most of the birds cannot stay where there is no tree. They build up their nests on the tree. They take rest during the night in their nests so they can be seen at least in the morning and in the evening. The birds are also attracted towards the fruits which the trees bear. They lay eggs in the nests which they build on the trees. So there is a close relationship between the birds and trees. This is what Nehru wants to say through this statement.
Q. 8. All animals, howsoever small they might be, deserve respect. Pick out instances from the lesson in favour of this statement.
Ans. The following instances in different jails tell us that Nehru's point of view was in favour of the animals, however small they may be.
In the jail of Dehradun there were wasps, hornets and lizards in his cell. In the campus he could see mainas, koels and brain- fever birds. He considered them the source of entertainment as they broke the monotony in the jail life. He took special care of puppies and their mother bitch when she was left as wanderer by a jail official. He looked after her puppies day and night when they fell ill. At Lucknow jail there were a number of squirrels which were friendly to him. In Naini jail there were thousands of parrots. In Bareilly jail he enjoyed the funny actions of monkeys. At Alipore jail he met with scorpions and snakes and did not have disliking for these uncalled visitors. He had similar sympathy and affection for all these animals.
Q. 9. A good autobiography is honest. In what ways do you think Pandit Nehru is honest in writing about his life in jail? Use specific references from the lesson as examples.
Ans. A good autobiography is the description of facts and incidents that happened in life. It reflects the whole life of a person. It is just like a mirror which gives the true image of a person. All the negative and positive aspects of life should be reflected through an autobiography. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru has also followed this law of writing autobiography strictly. All the events and happenings of his life are reflected in his autobiography. He furnished a frank and factual description of his life in jail. He has explained his life at Dehradun Jail in following ways:
"I was not alone in my cell, for several colonies of wasps and hornets lived there," again. "There were mainas, of course. A pair of them nested over my cell door in Dehradun and I used to feed them." Further he added in one occasion, "One of the puppies fell ill with a violent distemper (a disease of dogs) and gave me great deal of trouble. I nurshed her with care. She survived and I was happy that my nursing had pulled her round." There are also so many references which show that Nehru has described his life of jails very honestly in his autobiography.
Q. 10. A good autobiography is also very self aware. How self aware do you think the author has been in the personal statements contained in the work? Use examples from the work to support your opinions.
Ans. As autobiography is the description of true incidents drawn from one's life in one's own language, it is also self-aware. The person expresses about all that he thought and felt in his life. It is important that what he writes should be based on self- awareness. Nehru has also maintained all these in his autobiography. He has described the true facts of his life in autobiography.
In this piece he has described his activities and reactions while he was in different jails. He broke his monotony enjoying the natural sights from the jail compound, especially in Dehradun Jail. Different birds and small animals were his friends and companions to break his monotony. It is also a point to be noted how he expressed his pity and sympathy for them, how he was judicious to them. He developed intimacy and love for mainas, parrots, pigeons, squirrels, puppies etc. He was even judicious to wasps, hornets, lizards and other creeping, crawling and flying insects. He had also love for nature. He was impressed with the beauty of Spring and exclaimed, "It was a gay and beautiful sight. How wonderful is the sudden change from bud to leaf !" Further he adds, "The monsoon rains were always s welcome." His compassion for small creatures is reflected in these lines, "One of the puppies fell ill with a violent distemper and gave me a great deal of trouble. I nursed her with care." Thus Nehru's autobiography is the best example of his self- awareness.
D. WORD STUDY :
D. 1. Dictionary Use :
Ex. 1. Correct the spelling of the following words :
inadvertantly
avoidence
efficiante
spelling
interfare
persistance ingeniaously divertion
ordinary squirrels efficient
avoidance ingeniously
interfere
ordinarly
of the following words : ocasionally presumabily
inadvertently persistence occasionally erie
centipides goaler
Ans. inadvertently, persistence, occasionally, interfere, avoidance, ingeniously ,ordinary ,squirrels, efficient
Erie, presumably, more diversion, centipedes, gaoler
0 टिप्पणियाँ