Bihar Board Class 11th के English Book ( RAINBOW PART -01) के Prose Section का Chapter - 9 ( NATIONAL UNITY, NATION AND NATIONALISM ) जो Jayprakash Narayan के द्वारा लिखा गया है । तो इस पोस्ट में हमलोग National unity, national and nationalism ka Question Answer देखने वाले हैं 11th Class English Chapter 9 Question Answer Bihar Board
Jayaprakash Narayan
1. (11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), popularly referred to as JP or Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian independence activist, theorist, socialist and political leader.
He is remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, for whose overthrow he had called for a "total revolution".
His biography, Jayaprakash, was written by his nationalist friend and the writer of Hindi literature, Rambriksh Benipuri. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. Other awards include the Magsaysay award for Public Service in 1965.
This Post included
- National unity, national and nationalism Chapter ka Word Meaning
- Class 11th English Chapter - 9 ( National unity, national and nationalism ) Question Answer
9. NATIONAL UNITY, NATION AND NATIONALISM
Jayprakash Narayan
Word Meaning
Prominent - (adj) प्रॉमिनंट - विशिष्ट, लोकप्रिय
Role - (n) रोल - भूमिका
Major - (adj) मेजर - मुख्य, बड़ा
Suppression - (n) सप्रेशन - दमन
Connotations - (n) कॉनोटेशन्स - संकेतार्थक
Explores - (v) एक्सप्लोर्स - खोज करना
Depend - (v) डिपेंड - निर्भर करना
Structure - (n) स्ट्रक्चर - ढाँचा
Ultimate - (adj) अल्टीमेट - मूलभूत
Exploitation - (n) एक्सप्लॉएटेशन - शोषण
Enthrone - (v) इनथोन - सिंहसनारूढ़ करना
Bourgeoisie - (n) बुर्जुआजी - मध्यवर्ग, पूँजीपति
Magnates - (n) मैगनेटस - प्रभावशाली व्यक्तियों
Nationalism - (n) नेशनलीज्म - राष्ट्रीयता
Notable - (adj) नोटेबल - उल्लेखनीय
Events - (n) इवेन्टस - घटनाएँ
Wrought - (v) रॉट - आकार देना, उत्पादन करना
Incredible - (adj) इन्क्रेडीबल - अविश्वसनीय
Witnessed - (v) विटनेस्ड - देखा
Struggle - (n) स्ट्रगल - संघर्ष
Sovereign - (adj) सोवेरेण - सम्प्रभुत्व
Humble - (adj) हम्बल - नम्र
Obvious - (adj) ऑबवियस - स्पष्ट
Feudal - (n) फ्यूडल - जागीरदारी
Cadre - (n) कैडर- कोटि
Comic - (n) कॉमिक - विनोदी व्यक्ति
Peasants - (n) पीजेन्ट्स - गरीब किसानों
Undefined - (v) अनडिफाइंड - अपरिभाषित
Mysterious - (adj) मिस्टेरियस - रहस्यमयी
Motherland - (n) मदरलैंड - मातृभूमि
Equivalents - (adj) इक्विवैलंटस - तुल्य चीजों, समकक्षों
Loyalties - (n) लायलटिज़ - निष्ठा, वफादारी
Circumstances - (v) सर्कमस्टांसेज - परिस्थितियाँ
Majority - (adj) मेजॉरिटी - अधिकतर लोग, बहुमत
Stampede - (n) स्टैम्पेड - भगदड़
Perpetuation - (n) पर्पेचुएशन - स्थायी बनाना
Capitalism - (n) कैपिटेलिज्म - पूँजीवाद
Exploitation - (n) एक्सप्लॉइटेशन - शोषण करना
Bondage - (n) बौंडिज - बंधन, परतंत्रता
Propaganda - (n) प्रोपगैन्डा - मिथ्या प्रचार करना
Vassals - (n) वासाल्स - दूसरे व्यक्ति या देश पर पूर्ण रूप से निर्भर करना
Imperialism - (n) इम्पेरियलिज्म - साम्राज्यवाद
Breach - (n ) बीच - कानून, प्रतिज्ञा, कर्तव्य आदि भंग करने की प्रक्रिया
Props - (n) प्रॉप्स - सहारा देनेवाली लकड़ी या व्यवस्था
Exploit - (v) एक्स्प्लॉइट- शोषण करना
Resources - (n) रिसोर्सेज़ - साधन
Euphemistically - (adv) यूफिमिस्टिकली - कठोर बातों को कोमल शब्द में कहना
Risky - (adj) रिस्की - जोखिम भरा
Concessions - (n) कॉन्सेशन्स - रियायतें, छूटे
Reforms - (v) रिफॉर्मस् - सुधारों
Aegis - (n) ऐजिज - संरक्षण से
Surreptitiously - (adv) सरेप्टिशसली - गुप्त रूप से
Stake - (n) स्टेक - दाव
Facilities - (n) फैसिलिटिज - सुविधाएँ
Oppressor - (n) ऑप्रेसर - अत्याचारी, उत्पीड़क
Incubus - (n) इन्क्यूबस- चिन्ता का कारण
Incapable - (adj) इन्कैपेबल - असमर्थ
IDIOMS AND PHRASES
1. Struggle for (स्ट्रगल फॉर ) = संघर्ष करना ।
Indians struggled for independence.
2. Depend on (डिपेंड ऑन) = निर्भर करना ।
Don't depend on others for livelihood.
3. Cry of (क्राई ऑफ) = आशंका, घोषणा ।
The cry of the nation in danger' was raised by the capitalists.
4. On account of (ऑन एकाउण्ट ऑफ) = वजह से। On account of illness he could not appear at the examination.
5. A great deal of (अ ग्रेट डील ऑफ) = बहुत अधिक। It requires a great deal of capital for the development of the country.
6. Up of fight (अप ऑफ फाइट) = संघर्ष के चरम पर । At the up of fight they looked only for their interest.
7. Felt on ( फेल्ट ऑन) = अनुभव । Its influence was felt on the cultural life of the country.
8. Put pressure on (पुट प्रेसर ऑन) = दबाव डालना । Indians tried hard to put pressure on the foreign rulers.
9. (To) be exerted on [(टू बी एक्सरटेड ऑन)] = प्रयोग करना, काम में लाना ।
By helping other classes of society pressure can be exerted on the government.
10. In accordance with ( इन अकर्डेन्स विथ ) = अनुसार । The shaping of the nation's developing policies in accordance with the peasants' interest is Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh's chief concern.
11. Breaks up ( ब्रेक्स आप ) = टूटना
National unity breaks up due to different interests of different sections of society.
12. As soon as (ऐज़ सून ऐज़) = ज्योहि ।
As soon as the teacher entered the class, the pupils stood up.
13. For talk of (फौर टॉक ऑफ) = बातचीत के लिए They met together for talking of freedom.
14. In place of (इन प्लेस ऑफ) = स्थान पर । Non-violent opposition in place of direct action is the cry of the hour.
15. At the cost of (ऐट द कॉस्ट ऑफ) = किसी भी कीमत पर। National unity can be maintained only at the cost of mass consciousness.
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
A. 1. Work in small groups and discuss the following questions:
Q. 1. What type of country is India?
Ans. India is a Sovereign Democratic Socialist Republic country. Here the elected government by the public rules over the country. It is a secular state where the people have fundamental rights and duties. Citizens of all religions and castes avail similar rights. They all have the right of franchise. They may contest in election and form government. They take part in elections. They have the right to exercise their religious customs and to change their religion. India is a union of states. It is a very big country. Its area is very big and its population is very large, almost second in the world. Every state has its own elected government. But all the states are under one central government. It has a written constitution too.
Q. 2. What is democracy?
Ans. Democracy is a system of government in which there is the participation of people in forming government. It is government of the people, for the people, by the people. The contestants of the elections are from public. The voters are also public. Public elect the members of the Parliament and the Assembly who form the government. All the members present the situation of their constituencies in Parliament and Assembly. The government looks after the rights of the people. Thus the representation of people takes place in both the houses of Parliament and Assembly.
Q. 3. Name some famous personalities Bihar has produced.
Ans. Some famous personalities which Bihar has produced are:
1. Dr Rajendra Prasad, a great freedom fighter and the first President of India.
2. Jayaprakash Narayan, lok nayak (Public Hero) was a great freedom fighter and nation-builder. He was the leader of the J. P. movement of 1974.
3. Jagjiwan Ram, a great freedom fighter and former union minister.
4. Lalit Narayan Mishra, a great freedom fighter and sometime union minister.
5. Karpuri Thakur, Born in a poor family, fought for the interest of the poor. He had been the President of S. S. P. and Sometime Chief Minister of Bihar.
Q. 4. Who was J. P. ? What do you know about him?
Ans. J. P. was a great freedom fighter. He was one of the heroes of the 'Quit India Movement' of 1942. He also played an important role in socialist and sarvodaya movements started by Acharya Vinoba Bhave. He led the movement of 1974 and brought a radical change in Indian politics. His life was for the country. Till his last breath he thought for the country. He has also written several books.
Q. 5. How did he come to be known as 'Lok Nayak'?
Ans. When he also began to participate in the political movement of 1974 which began from Bihar and spread all over India, the movement was known as J. P. Movement, and he was called 'Lok Nayak'. Through this movement he ended a year long emergency rule of India. Due to this change in Indian politics he began to be called with this name by the people of Bihar and some other states too.
Q. 6. Why is 5th June known as 'Sampoorna Kranti Diwas' ?
Ans. On 5th June, 1974, Jayaprakash Narayan raised the voice of total revolution, that is why that Day is known as 'Sampoorna Kranti Diwas'.
B. 1. Answer the following questions briefly :
Q. 1. What were the two important events and when did they take place?
Ans. Jayprakash Narayan is referring to two important events in this essay. Firstly, it is the struggle for Independence of 1857 and secondly, in the year 1885 Indian National Congress was founded. Both 1857 and 1885 represented national movements. It is clear that nationalism means different things at different times. In 1857, feudal chiefs and their soldiers were nationalists. But in 1885, seventy-two gentlemen drawn from middle class were regarded as nationalists.
Q. 2. How did they bring incredible change in national outlook?
Ans. The first struggle for Freedom of 1857 and the Indian National Congress founded in 1885, brought incredible change in national outlook. In 1857, feudal chiefs and their soldiers were nationalists. They fought for the freedom of the country. In 1885, seventy-two gentlemen were drawn from middle class and retired government servants. They were baboos who were demanding seats in the Councils and more jobs for English educated people. This brought an incredible change in national outlook.
Q. 3. 'Nationalism does not mean the same thing to all the classes.' Why does J. P. say so ?
Ans. According to J. P., nationalism does not mean the same thing to all the classes within the nation. The freedom of one of them is not the same as that of the other. Let us take the princes. True freedom means complete sovereignty which can be won only on the battlefield. They are against imperialism. Nationalism has no meaning to the landlord, except political power and job in the higher services. Thirdly, nationalism to the industrialists means to exploit the country's resources and to build up their fortunes. They would support nationalism only when it aims at placing them in the seat of power. Lastly, as regards peasant class, nationalism has got another meaning. According to the peasants, if Indian nationalism has any meaning, it should mean the freedom of the peasants. To them, nationalism means freedom from exploitation. The above analysis shows that nationalism does not mean the same thing to all the classes within the nation.
Q. 4. What, according to the author, is the first 'breach' in 'National Unity'?
Ans. The nation is made up of princes, industrialists, bankers, merchants, peasants, labourers, workers, etc. Nationalism or national unity does not mean the same thing to all these classes. Let us take the princes. Their freedom means complete sovereignty which can be won only on the battlefield. But none of the princes since 1857, is in a position to go to war for sovereignty. It is clear that the princes must permanently remain dependant on British imperialism. This naturally brings them against the national movement. This is the first breach in national unity.
Q. 5. "No one with the least political understanding or experience can talk of unity with the landlords. Why? Explain.
Ans. According to J. P., "no one with the least political understanding or experience can talk of national unity with the landlords." To J. P. their entry into politics is merely to ensure that their interests do not suffer. Nationalism has no meaning to landed magnates and the bourgeoisie creation of British Imperialism. They expect job in higher services. They are not against imperialism. So to talk of national unity regarding them is meaningless. The author says that this is the second breach in national unity.
Q. 6. What, according to J. P., is the second 'breach' in Venational unity?
Ans. The support of landlords to the imperialism is the second breach in national unity, according to J. P.
B. 2. 1. Write T for True and F for False statements :
(i) The Indian industrial class can effectively oppose imperialism.
(ii) The Indian industrial class support nationalism whole heartedly.
(iii) The natives would love if the peasants became conscious of their economic and political destiny. (iv) A class-conscious working class means the break-up of national unity.
Ans. (i) F, (ii) F, (iii) F, (iv) T.
B. 2.2 Answer the following questions briefly :
Q. 1. What is the third 'breach' in national unity?
Ans. Firstly, the Indian industrialists are unable themselves to oppose imperialism; secondly, they would be satisfied with facilities for economic development; and thirdly, they would support nationalism only when it aims at placing them in the seat of power. This is the third breach in national unity.
Q. 2. What do you understand by 'peasant raj' ? Explain.
Ans. Majority of Indian people are peasants. They have known only one method-direct action. Such action is as dangerous for the foreign oppressors as for the natives. By being united peasants can become conscious of their united power and become successful in bringing peasant Raj in the country. In peasant Raj the administrative agency of the government is controlled by peasants and farm workers.
Q. 3. 'National unity breaks-up as soon as the peasantry becomes conscious.' What does J. P. mean by this state- ment?
Ans. According to J. P, national unity breaks up as soon as the peasantry becomes conscious. India is a land of peasants. If Indian nationalism has any meaning, it should mean the freedom of peasants. Freedom of peasants means freedom from exploitation. Peasants, like workers, take recourse to direct action for freedom. Such action, however, is as dangerous for the foreign oppressor as for the native. It is necessary, therefore, that the peasants do not become conscious of their economic and political destiny. In other words, national unity breaks up as soon as the peasantry becomes conscious.
C.1. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS :
Q. 1. Attempt a definition of nationalism in the light of what J. P. says in the lesson.
Ans. Nationalism, according to J. P., means different things at different times. The difference lies not only in its objectives but in its human content as well. We see that a 'nation' does not in reality mean the whole nation, nor does nationalism comprise the interests of all the classes and groups within the nation. According to J. P. different classes of people in the nation include princes, landlords, industrialists, bankers, merchants, peasants and workers. Nationalism does not mean the same thing for people all these classes. The freedom of one of them is not the same as that of the other.
For princes, freedom means complete sovereignty which be won on the battle-field. The landlords of India are largely can the creation of British Imperialism. Nationalism has meaning to these people. They want job in highe. services. Nationalism to industrialist means complete freedom to the country's resources and workers to build well as fortune. up their future as According to J. P., India is a land of peasants. So if Indian nationalism has any meaning it should mean the freedom of the peasants from exploitation. The workers' freedom means freedom from wage-slavery.
The above analysis shows that nationalism does not mean the same thing to all the classes within the nation. So according to J. P. nationalism and national unity can be obtained and maintained only at the cost of mass consciousness.
Q. 2. Which element does J. P. find sadly missing in the popular notion of nationalism? How can it be incorporated?
Ans. Mass consciousness is found sadly missing in the popular nation of nationalism. This mass consciousness can be in- corporated to fulfil the interests of all the classes in the society. All should come together and each of the class should feel that no one should be exploited. Everyone should get his proper place and share of interests. The upper class while looking for their interests must take care of the interests of the lower class. In the same way, the peasants and workers should not use the weapon of direct action but through democratic means they should get all
their economic and political rights.
Q. 3. Did India really achieve what J. P. wanted it to achieve?
Ans. J. F. was one of the most prominent leaders and thinker modern India. He played a major role in the struggle dependence. After independence his struggle continued. He played a major role in the socialist movements. He continued to struggle against suppression of civil liberties popularly known as J. P. Movement. But J. P. was sad because the country could not achieve the goal that he wanted. To him the country should be free from exploitation of all sorts. The interests of the downtrodden should be taken first. All round development of the country was the dream of J. P. But the followers of J. P. did not do so. They divided the party in his life time for their own political ends. They forgot J. P. and his dreams. J. P.'s followers are neither economic thinkers nor competent politicians.
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